Monday 31 October 2016

“แ‰ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆ›/แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต 67 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ตแˆˆแ‹‹แˆ / แˆžแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ”

(แ‹จแŠขแˆฐแˆ˜แ• แˆแ‹ฉ แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰ฃ)

แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแŒแ‹ฐแˆซแˆ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŠจแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ตแˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ƒแˆŠแ‰ฒ፣ แ‹แ‹‹แ‹ญแŠ“ แˆธแ‹‹แˆฎแ‰ขแ‰ต แˆ›แˆจแˆšแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ณแ‹จ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ซแ‹˜แ‹ ‹แ‹จแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ› แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ (แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ) แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰ƒแˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต 3000 แŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ› แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แŠจแŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ…แˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŒแˆ›แˆฝ แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ‰ แ‰ แˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแˆฐแˆฑแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹፡፡

แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แ‹จแŠฆแŒแŠฎ แˆ/แ•แˆฌแ‹šแ‹ณแŠ•แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แ‰ แ‰€แˆˆ แŒˆแˆญแ‰ฃ፣ แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แ‹จแ‰€แ‹ตแˆžแ‹ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แŒแŠ•แŠ™แŠแ‰ต แŠƒแˆ‹แŠ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌ፣ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠžแ‰น แŠซแˆŠแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆƒแˆ˜แ‹ต፣ แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆบแˆแˆซแ‹แŠ“ แ‹ณแˆญแˆฐแˆ› แˆถแˆช แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ“ แŠ แŠญแ‰ฒแ‰ชแˆตแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ณแˆตแˆจแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŠแ‹፡፡

แ‹ญแˆ… แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ซแ‹แŠแ‹ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‹‹แ‹œแˆ› (แŠแˆ€แˆด 2008) แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‹ฐแˆญแˆถแ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŠแ‰ แˆญ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆณแˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠแˆณ แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒŽแ‹ฑ แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ›แŠ•แŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆ˜แŒ แŠ• แ‰ แ‰ณแˆฐแ‰ แ‹ แแŒฅแŠแ‰ต แ‰ถแˆŽ แˆณแ‹ญแŒˆแˆˆแŒฝ แ‰ขแ‰†แ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแŠ‹แˆ‹ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽแ‹ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‰ แŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแŒฅแˆˆแ‹แŠ“ ‹แˆˆแˆ›แˆแˆˆแŒฅ แˆฒแˆžแŠญแˆฉ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ‰› แ‰ แˆšแˆ 23 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แˆžแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŒˆแˆแŒพ แŠแ‰ แˆญ፡፡

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‰ฃแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แˆ›แŒฃแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆแŒ แˆจแ‹ แŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹˜ แ‰ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ 67 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠ แŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แŠจแŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ… แˆŸแ‰พแ‰ฝ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‹จแˆžแ‰ฑแ‰ต 22 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰€แˆชแ‹Žแ‰น  45 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ ‹‹แˆŠแ‹ซแˆ˜แˆแŒก แˆžแŠญแˆจแ‹‹แˆ›› แ‰ แˆšแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ณแŒฃแ‰‚แ‹Žแ‰ฝ (แ‹จแˆ›/แ‰คแ‰ฑ แŒ แ‰ฃแ‰‚แ‹Žแ‰ฝ) แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ‰ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹፡፡

แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠซแŒก แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แ‹จแŠ แŠซแˆ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‰ต แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹፣ แ‰ แŒญแˆต แ‰ณแแŠแ‹ แ‹จแŒคแŠ“ แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹ˆแŠญ แ‹จแŒˆแŒ แˆ›แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹፡፡ แˆˆแŠ แ‰ฅแŠแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ แŠฅแŠ แŠจแ‹ตแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแˆ˜แ‹ต แ‹จแŠญแˆต แˆ˜แ‹แŒˆแ‰ฅ แ‹จแˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญ แŠญแˆต แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠ› แ‹ณแˆญแˆฐแˆ› แˆถแˆช แ‹จแˆ˜แ‰ฐแŠ•แˆแˆป แŠ แŠซแˆ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แŒˆแŒ แˆ˜แ‹ แ‹จแŒคแŠ“ แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹ˆแŠญ แˆ…แŠญแˆแŠ“ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ፡፡

แŠจแ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽแ‹ แˆ›แŒแˆตแ‰ต

แ‰ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹แŠ• แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ตแˆŽ แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ፣ แ‹˜แˆ˜แ‹ตแŠ“ แŒ“แ‹ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆˆแ‰€แŠ“แ‰ต แ‹จแŒญแŠ•แ‰… แ‰€แŠ“แ‰ตแŠ• แŠ แˆณแˆแˆแ‹‹แˆ፤ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆณแˆˆแ‰แˆ แŠแ‹፡፡ แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ–แˆญแŠ“ แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ–แˆญ แˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅ แŠ แ‹ณแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แˆ†แŠ–፣ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆแŠ•แˆ แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‰ แ‹จแ‹•แˆˆแ‰ฑ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆฒแŠ•แŠจแˆซแ‰ฐแ‰ฑ แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹แˆ แŒญแŠ•แ‰… แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ ‹แˆˆแˆแŠ• แ‰ตแŒ แ‹ญแ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆ› แ‰ แˆšแˆ แ‹ตแ‰ฅแ‹ฐแ‰ฃแŠ“ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‹ฐแˆญแˆถแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹‹แˆ፡፡

แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆฉ (แ‰ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆจแ‰แ‰ตแŠ•) แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹˜แ‹‹แ‹ˆแˆญ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ตแ‹ทแˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ•แˆ แ‹˜แŒแ‹ญแ‰ถแˆ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ• แˆˆแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆณแ‹แ‰‹แˆ፡፡ แˆ†แŠ–แˆ แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แŠจแ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽแ‹ แ‹ˆแ‹ฒแˆ… แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแˆญแˆตแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แŒแˆแ‰ต แŠ แˆแ‰†แˆ˜แˆ፡፡ แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแŠจแ‹แ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แŒแˆแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แŒฅแˆฐแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแŒธแˆ˜ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แŒแŠ• แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠแ‹፡፡

แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‹แ‹‹แ‹ญแŠ“ แˆธแ‹‹แˆฎแ‰ขแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹˜แ‹‹แ‹ˆแˆฉ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แŠญแ‰ฅแˆญแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹‹แˆญแ‹ต แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆแŒธแˆ˜แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‰ฐแ‰ฝแˆแˆ፡፡ แ‹แ‹‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แ‹‹แ‹ˆแˆฉแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆˆแŠ แˆตแˆญ แ‰€แŠ“แ‰ต แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แŠซแ‰ดแŠ“ แŠจแŠฅแŒƒแ‰ธแ‹ แˆณแ‹ญแˆแ‰ณ แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แŠ แˆณแˆแˆแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ… แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆแˆˆแ‰ต፣ แˆแˆˆแ‰ต แˆ†แŠแ‹ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠซแ‰ดแŠ“ แ‰ณแˆตแˆจแ‹ แˆ˜แŒธแ‹ณแŒƒ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆฒแˆ„แ‹ฑแˆ፣ แˆฒแˆ˜แŒˆแ‰กแŠ“ แˆฒแ‰ฐแŠ™ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰€แˆญ แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆ†แŠแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŠแ‰ แˆญ แ‰ฐแˆจแŒ‹แŒแŒงแˆ፡፡

แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰น แŠจแˆแŒแ‰ฅ แˆŒแˆ‹ แˆ›แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แˆ แŠแŒˆแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒˆแ‰กแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแŠจแˆแŠญแˆˆแ‹፣ แŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚แ‹Žแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠจ3 แ‹ฐแ‰‚แ‰ƒ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแŠแŒ‹แŒแˆฉ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแ‹ แˆฐแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แŒแ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแˆจ แˆฐแ‹ แŠ แˆธแ‹‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆซแ‰แ‰ฑแŠ• แˆ†แŠ– แŒแˆญแ‹แ‰ต แ‹ญแˆแŒธแˆแ‰ แ‰ต แŠแ‰ แˆญ፡፡ แŠ แˆธแ‹‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแˆจแˆแ‹ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠ› แ‹แˆƒ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแ‹แ‰ แ‰ต แˆฐแ‹แŠแ‰ฑ แŠ แˆธแ‹‹แ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ญแ‹˜แ‹ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒŽ፣ แŠจแ‹šแ‹ซแˆ แˆฐแ‹แŠแ‰ฑแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแ‰ณแŒ แ‰ฅ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ตแ‰ฆ แ‰ แˆตแ‰ƒแ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰†แ‹ญ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ፡፡ แ‰ แŒ แ‰ฃแ‰ฅ แŠญแแˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แŒจแ‰… แˆฐแ‹ แ‰ แˆฐแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆซแˆญแ‰ฆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ตแ‹ถ แŠแ‰ แˆญ(แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ แ‹แ‹‹แ‹ญ)፡፡

แˆธแ‹‹แˆฎแ‰ขแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แ‹‹แ‹ˆแˆฉแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ• แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆณแˆณแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆแŒธแˆ˜แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠแ‹ แˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ปแˆˆแ‹፡፡ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰†แ‹ญ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ถแ‰น แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ตแ‰ฅแ‹ฐแ‰ฃ แŠจแˆ˜แˆแŒธแˆ™ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹˜ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แˆŠแŒ แ‹ญแ‰ƒแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆ„แ‹ฐ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠญแแˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠ แˆตแ‰€แˆแŒ แ‹ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆตแŠฎแ‰ต แŠจแ‹ˆแŒˆแ‰ฅ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ฉ ‹แŠ แˆˆแˆ› แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ‰ แˆ˜แŒˆแ‹ฐแ‹ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠจแ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅ แ‰ฐแ‰ฝแˆแˆ፡፡

แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰น แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆˆแˆต

แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 2009 แ‹“.แˆ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ขแ‹ซ แŒ€แˆแˆฎ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‰ แ‰ตแŠแ‹ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆฉ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆˆแˆต แŒ€แˆแˆจแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แˆ†แŠ–แˆ แŒแŠ• แ‹จแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆ›/แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹ซแ‰€แˆจแ‰  แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ… แˆชแ–แˆญแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰€แŒ แˆฏแ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แˆŠแ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰งแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แˆแ‰ปแˆ‰แˆ፡፡ แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒ แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 9/2009 แ‹“.แˆ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แˆแ‹ฐแ‰ณ แˆแ‹ตแ‰ฅ 14แŠ› แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŠ แŠจแ‹ตแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแˆ˜แ‹ต (20 แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ) แŠฅแŠ“ แŠฅแŠ แ‰ตแŠ•แˆณแŠค แ‰ แˆชแˆถ (10) แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆแ‰€แˆจแ‰ก แ‰ฐแˆจแŒ‹แŒแŒงแˆ፡፡

แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 14/2009 แ‹“.แˆ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌแˆ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆณแˆณแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎแ‹ แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ต แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แˆแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แˆ፡፡ แˆˆแ‹šแˆ…แˆ แŠจแˆ›/แ‰คแ‰ฑ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆจแ‹แŠ• แˆ‹แˆˆแˆ›แ‰…แˆจแ‰ก แ‰ แ‰‚ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แˆˆแแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑ แŠ แˆ‹แ‰€แˆจแ‰ แˆ፡፡

แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแˆฑแ‰ต แ‰ณแˆณแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แŒปแˆซแ‹ŠแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‰ขแ‰ปแˆแˆ แŠ แˆแŠ•แˆ แŒแŠ• แ‹จแˆ˜แŒ แ‹จแ‰‚แ‹ซ แˆฐแ‹“แ‰ต แŒˆแ‹ฐแ‰ฅ แŠ แˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹፡፡ แ‰ขแ‰ แ‹› แˆˆ10 แ‹ฐแ‰‚แ‰ƒ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แŠแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแŠแŒ‹แŒแˆฉ แ‹จแˆšแˆแ‰€แ‹ตแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹፡፡ แŠจแˆแŒแ‰ฅ แˆŒแˆ‹ แˆ›แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แˆ แŠแŒˆแˆญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แ‹ญแˆแ‰€แ‹ตแˆ፡፡ แ‹จแŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆณแˆ™แŠ“แŠ“ แ‰กแˆญแˆฝ፣ แ‰ซแ‹แˆŠแŠ•፣ แ‰ แˆถ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆณแˆฐแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แŠแŒˆแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แŠณ แŠ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰กแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แˆ፡፡

แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚ แˆŠแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ แˆตแˆˆแˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆˆแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚ แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠญแˆต แˆŠแˆ˜แˆฐแˆญแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ณแ‹แ‰‹แˆ፡፡ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰แŒฅแˆญ แ‹จแ‰ แ‹™ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแŠแ‰ต แ‹ญแ‹ž แˆแˆญแˆแˆ˜แˆซ แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠแŠ“ แˆแˆตแŠญแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ•แˆ แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆ แ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰€ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•፣ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰น แ‰ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆˆแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹แŠ“ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ•แˆ แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ตแˆŽ แˆˆแŒ แ‹แ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚ แŠ“แ‰ฝแˆ แˆŠแ‰ฃแˆ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆ˜แˆˆแŠญแ‰ณแˆ‰፡፡ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽ แˆ˜แŠ•แˆตแŠคแŠ“ แ‰ƒแŒ แˆŽแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ตแˆŽ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‰ต แ‰ แŒˆแˆˆแˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠ แŠซแˆ แ‰ฐแŒฃแˆญแ‰ถ แ‰ฃแˆแ‰ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒธแ‰ แ‰ต แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠแ‹፡፡ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ณแ‹Šแ‹ “แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆฐแ‰ฅแŠ แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แŠฎแˆšแˆฝแŠ•” แˆ›แŒฃแˆซแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆˆแˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ฑแŠ“ แ‰ แˆšแ‰€แŒฅแˆˆแ‹ แˆณแˆแŠ•แ‰ต แˆˆแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แˆชแ“แˆญแ‰ต แŠ แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแˆฐแˆแ‰ทแˆ፡፡

(แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€)

แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠ› แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆบแˆแˆซแ‹ แˆˆ3แŠ› แŒŠแ‹œ แˆˆแ‰ฅแ‹ญแŠ• แ‰ฐแ‰€แŒฅแˆฏแˆ

‹แŒแˆตแ‰กแŠญแŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แˆ˜แŒˆแŠ“แŠ› แ‹˜แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต แˆฐแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠจแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แŠ แˆธแ‰ฃแˆช แ‰กแ‹ตแŠ• แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŒ‹แˆญ แŒแŠ•แŠ™แŠแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒˆแˆƒแˆ› แ‰ แˆšแˆ แ‹จแˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญ แŠญแˆต แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆตแˆญแ‰ถแ‰ แ‰ต แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แ‰ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ณแ‹จ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแŠแŒˆแˆจ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒฃ แ‹‹แŠ“ แŠ แ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ… แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠ› แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆบแˆแˆซแ‹ แˆˆ3แŠ› แŒŠแ‹œ แˆˆแ‰ฅแ‹ญแŠ• แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‰ฐแˆฐแŒฅแ‰ถแ‰ แ‰ณแˆ፡፡

แ‹›แˆฌ แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 21/2009 แ‹“.แˆ แ‹จแŒแ‹ฐแˆซแˆ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แˆแ‹ฐแ‰ณ แˆแ‹ตแ‰ฅ 4แŠ› แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แ‹ณแŠžแ‰ฝ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแŠ• แ‰ แŒฝ/แ‰คแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฑแ‰ต แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•፣ แ‹ณแŠžแ‰น แˆ˜แ‹แŒˆแ‰กแŠ• แˆ˜แˆญแˆแˆฎ แ‰ฅแ‹ญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒฝ แˆˆแˆ…แ‹ณแˆญ 28/2009 แ‹“.แˆ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แŒญ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ፡፡

แ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แ‹แŒˆแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แŠจแ‹›แˆฌ แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆซแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆพแ‰ฝ แˆณแ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅ แ‹จแ‰†แ‹จแ‹ แ‹จแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แˆ›/แ‰คแ‰ต แ‹›แˆฌ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠ› แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ฑ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆพแ‰ฝ แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆญแ‰งแˆ፡፡

แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆน แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆบแˆแˆซแ‹ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แˆฒแ‰ณแ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰†แ‹จแ‹ 14แŠ› แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŠแ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆต แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•፣ แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹จแ‹ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต 4แŠ› แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‰ฐแ‰ฝแˆแˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แˆฒแˆ แ‰ แŠแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹ณแŠ› แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ญ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแŠญแˆต แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แ‰ แŠ แˆแŠ‘ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แ‰ แˆฆแˆตแ‰ต แ‹ณแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ณแ‹ญ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แŠแ‹፡፡

แŒ‹แ‹œแŒ แŠ› แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆบแˆแˆซแ‹ แ‹จแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แŠญแˆต แˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแˆ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹‹แˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆต แˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแˆ แˆณแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹ แ‰ แŠแŒป แ‹ญแˆฐแŠ“แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฅแ‹ญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแˆ›แ‰ต แ/แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆฒแˆฐแŒฅ แ‹ญแˆ… แˆˆแˆฆแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒŠแ‹œ แŠแ‹፡፡ แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆน แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠ แ‰ƒแ‰ค แˆ…แŒ แŠจแˆฐแŠแ‹ต แˆ›แˆตแˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆŒแˆ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แˆแˆตแŠญแˆญ แŠ แˆ‹แ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‰ แ‰ตแˆ፡፡

แŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ณแˆ…แˆณแˆต 15/2008 แ‹“.แˆ แˆˆแŠฅแˆตแˆญ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ณแˆจแŒˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ต แŒ€แˆแˆฎ แŠฅแˆตแŠซแˆแŠ• แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแŠ• แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆ†แŠ– แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆˆ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ፡፡

Dr Berhanu Nega Speech for the establishment of Ethiopian National Movement

Four Political organizations have established a movement known as Ethiopian National Movement vowing to fight Woyane(TPLF). The organizations included in the movement are, Patriotic Ginbot 7 Movement for Unity and Democracy, Oromo Democratic Front(ODF) Afar people’s Party and Sidama National Democratic People Movement. Formal signing for the establishment of the Movement, in the presence of all the leaders and a video speech by Dr Berhanu Nega, has taken place in Washington DC on 30th October 2016.


Sunday 30 October 2016

แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„แ‹ แ‹ญแ‹ แˆ†แŠ – “แˆˆแŠ แ‹ฒแˆฒแ‰ท แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆตแˆจแ‰ต แŒ แŠ•แŠญแˆจแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆ แˆซแˆˆแŠ•” –แˆŒแŠ•แŒฎ แˆˆแ‰ณ “แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆ˜แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‰ณแŒˆแˆ‹แˆˆแŠ•” – แ•/แˆญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ‘ แŠแŒ‹

แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŒ‹แˆซ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฑแ‰ต “แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆƒแŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„” แ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ แ‹‹แˆฝแŠ•แ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹ฒแˆฒ แ‹จแ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰น แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆŒแŠ•แŒฎ แˆˆแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆแŠญแ‰ตแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ฒแˆ› แŠแŒˆแ‹Ž፣ แ‹ถ/แˆญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ‘ แŠแŒ‹፣ แ‹ถ/แˆญ แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ด แˆ™แˆณแŠ“ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‰ แ‰€แˆˆ แ‹‹แ‹ฉ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ญแ‹ แˆ†แŠ::

“แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆƒแŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„”แŠ• แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฑแ‰ต แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ดแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแˆแ‰ฃแˆญ፣ แŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7፣ แ‹จแŠ แ‹แˆญ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฒแ‹ณแˆ› แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹ดแˆžแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹œแŠ“ แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‰ฐแŒ แŠ“แ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แŠ•แŒแŒแˆญ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰แ‰ต แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ดแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแˆแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆ˜แˆช แŠฆแ‰ฆ แˆŒแŠ•แŒฎ แˆˆแ‰ณ ““แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แˆ˜แˆแˆซแˆจแˆ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แŠแ‹፤ แŠฅแ‹šแˆ… แŠ•แŒแŒแˆญ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แŠแ‹። แŠจแ‰ฃแ‹ฑ แŠแŒˆแˆญ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแˆฐแ‰ฅแŠ• แŒ แŠ•แŠญแˆจแŠ• แˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ฑ แŠแ‹። แŠฅแŒ…แŒ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆแŠ• แŠแ‹ แŠฅแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆตแŠแ‹። แŠจแŠแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ฅแ‹™ แŠจแ‰ฃแ‹ต แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆ‰።แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒฅแŠ•แ‰ƒแ‰„ แ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแŠ“แˆ። แ‰ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฟ แˆ˜แˆแ‰ƒแ‰€แ‹ต แˆˆแˆแ‰ตแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ฒแˆฒแ‰ท แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŒ แŠ•แŠญแˆจแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆ แˆซแˆˆแŠ•!” แˆฒแˆ‰ แ‰ƒแˆ แŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ::

 แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆชแˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7 แˆ˜แˆช แ•แˆฎแŒแˆฐแˆญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ‘ แŠแŒ‹ แ‰ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ ”แŒจแ‰‹แŠ™แŠ• แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‹ˆแŒˆแ‹ตแŠ“ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Šแ‰ต แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ต แˆตแˆแˆแŠแ‰ต แˆˆแ‰ฐแˆแˆซแˆจแˆแŠ•แ‰ แ‰ต แˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ณแˆชแŠซแ‹Š แ‰€แŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ƒแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆ แˆแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆต แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆ! แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„แ‹ แ‰ แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แ“แˆญแ‰ฒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆตแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ•แˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆ…แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ฑ แˆˆแˆ›แˆแŒฃแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆ แˆซแ‰ แ‰ต แŠแ‹። แŠจแˆซแˆณแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ•แŠ“ แŠจแ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ญแˆแ‰… แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆ˜แŠ• แˆแŠ•แ‰ณแŒˆแˆ แ‰ƒแˆ แŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆ።” แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆ::


BLOGGER ZELALEM WORKAGEGNEHU MARKS 848 DAYS IN JAIL

Blogger and activist, Zelalem Workagegnehu today marks 847 days since he was jailed by the current Ethiopian regime for merely caring for his country and people.

Since the five year plus two months sentencing last May 2015, Zelalem has been appealing the decision and is now waiting to yet another appeal from the Cessation Court in Addis Abeba.

Zelalem is currently being jailed in the infamous gulag of prisoners’ of conscience in Ethiopia, Kaliti Prison, where journalists like Eskinder Nega, opposition politicians such as Andualem Arage and Okello Aquay are being jailed.

Zelalem was finishing his Masters Degree in Public Administration at the Addis Abeba University, in July 2014 when he was detained together with nine other opposition politicians, netizens, and activists.

The movement he is accused of supporting is known as Ginbot 7 (Arebgenoch Ginbot 7 Movement), a pro-democracy movement founded by Professor Berhanu Nega, an Ethiopian economist, who lectured in Bucknell University, U.S.A. Zelalem was initially accused of being a member and local leader of Ginbot 7 although the charges were later changed to recruiting members to start an Arab Spring styled revolution in Ethiopia and applying for a digital security course.

Saturday 29 October 2016

แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹ดแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠจแ‰ แˆญ แŒแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹จแ‰€

แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŠจแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แˆแˆ›แ‰ณแ‹Š แ‰ตแ‰ฅแ‰ฅแˆญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆ แ‰ แˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‹ดแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠจแ‰ แˆญ แŒแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แ‹จแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ต แŒ แ‹จแ‰።

แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฐ แŠซแˆˆแ‹ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹แˆž แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ“แŠ˜ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ 1แˆบ 600 แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ข แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแŠฅแˆตแˆญ แˆ˜แ‹ณแˆจแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‹ซแ‹ˆแˆฑแ‰ต แ‹จแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ฑ แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แŠ•แˆ แŠ แˆ›แˆซแŒญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆ แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ต แ’แ‰ฐแˆญ แŠชแŠ•แŒ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆ‰ แ‹จแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ แŠ แˆณแˆตแ‰ แ‹‹แˆ።
แˆˆแˆƒแŒˆแˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‹จแŒฝแˆแ แˆ˜แˆแ‹•แŠญแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ซแ‰…แˆจแ‰กแ‰ต แ‹จแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‰፣ แŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆˆแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแˆฐแŒ แ‹แŠ• แ‹ตแŒ‹แ แˆˆแ‹ดแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แˆ˜แŠจแ‰ แˆญ แˆตแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ฐแŒฝแ‹•แŠ–แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‰ แŠ แˆ›แˆซแŒญแŠแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆแŠจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŒ แ‹ญแ‰€แ‹‹แˆ።

“แˆแˆ‰แˆ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆแŠ“ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แŠแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‰ฅแ‰† แˆ˜แŠ–แˆญ แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ แ‰ณแˆ” แˆฒแˆ‰ แ‰ แŒฝแˆแ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ซแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฑแ‰ต แ’แ‰ฐแˆญ แŠฌแŠ•แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ…แŒ แ‹จแ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆแŠ• แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แˆตแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แˆŠแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ แŠ แˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ።

แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ตแˆŽ แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซแŠ•แŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แ‹จแŠ แ‹แˆฎแ“ แˆ…แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แ‹‹แŒ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แˆจแŒˆแŒฃแŠ• แ‹ซแ‰ฃแ‰ฅแˆณแˆ แˆฒแˆ‰ แˆตแŒ‹แ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆฒแŒˆแˆแŒน แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ። แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹จ แˆ˜แˆแŠฉ แ‹œแŒŽแ‰ฟ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒ“แ‹™ แˆ›แˆณแˆฐแ‰ขแ‹ซแŠ• แ‹จแˆฐแŒ แ‰ฝ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•፣ แ‹จแˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‹•แˆญแˆแŒƒ แ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แŠซแˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹˜แŠ•แ‹ต แˆตแŒ‹แ‰ต แˆ˜แแŒ แˆฉ แ‹ญแŠแŒˆแˆซแˆ።

แˆ˜แ‰€แˆ˜แŒซแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰แ‰ต แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ‹•แˆญแˆแŒƒแŠ• แˆ˜แ‹แˆฐแ‹ต แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ แ‰ณแˆ แˆฒแˆ‰ แ‹˜แˆ˜แ‰ป แˆฒแ‹ซแŠซแˆ‚แ‹ฑ แˆ˜แ‰†แ‹จแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• CBC แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŠ˜ แ‹จแˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ดแˆŒแ‰ชแ‹ฅแŠ• แŒฃแ‰ขแ‹ซ แ‹˜แŒแ‰งแˆ። แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠจแˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ตแˆญแŒŠแ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹˜ แˆˆแŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰ฐแ‹ณแˆญแŒŽ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠซแŠ“แ‹ณแ‹Š แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆˆแ‰€แ‰… แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แŠ•แˆ แŒซแŠ“ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ›แ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ แ‹จแ‰… แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹።

แ‰ฃแˆฝแˆญ แˆ›แŠญแ‰ณแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แŠซแŠ“แ‹ณแ‹Š แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆถแˆ›แˆŠแ‹ซ แ‰ฃแ‰€แŠ“ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแŒธแŒฅแ‰ณ แˆƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญ แˆตแˆญ แ‹แˆŽ แ‰ แˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แŠญแˆต แ‹จแŠฅแ‹ตแˆœ แˆแŠญ แ‹•แˆตแˆซแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆˆแˆแ‰ แ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แˆจแ‹ณแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‰ฝแˆแˆ። แ‹ญแˆแŠ•แŠ“ แ‹จแˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‹จแ“แˆญแˆ‹แˆ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ›แ‰ต แ‹จแŠซแŠ“แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒซแŠ“แŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แˆณแ‹ฐแˆญ แŒแˆˆแˆฐแ‰ก แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆˆแ‰€แ‰… แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฐแ‹จแ‰… แ‹˜แˆ˜แ‰ปแŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แ‰ณแ‹แ‰‹แˆ።

Friday 28 October 2016

Four major Ethiopian oppositions formed “Ethiopian Movement”

Four political parties announced that they have formed an umbrella organization called the Ethiopian National Movement. The four parties that formed the Movement are the Oromo Democratic Front (ODF), Patriotic Ginbot 7 Movement for Unity and Democracy (PG7), the Afar People’s Party and the Sidama People’s Democratic Movement.
 
Leaders of the four parties will sign the document at a public gathering on Sunday in Washington, DC. More political parties are expected to join the National Movement, it was learnt.

It is to be recalled that ODF and PG7 had already formed an alliance early this year.

Ethiopians at home and in the Diaspora have been urging opposition political parties to have cohesion and unity in a bid to do away with a tyrannical regime that is facing uprising in all corners of the country.

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แ‰ แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฐ!

แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ”แŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ณแŒˆแˆ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŠ˜ แ‹จแŒ‹แˆซ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆตแˆจแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ญแ‹ แˆ†แŠ፡፡ แŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ…แˆ แŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต แˆฐแ‰ฃแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„፣ แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ถแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ፣ แ‹จแŠ แ‹แˆญ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฒแ‹ณแˆ› แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ‘ แˆแˆตแˆจแ‰ณแ‹แŠ• แŠ แˆตแˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ถแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒชแ‹ แŠฅแˆแ‹ต แŠฆแŠญแ‰ถแ‰ แˆญ 30/2016 แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰น แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ แ‹‹แˆฝแŠ•แŒแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹ฒแˆฒ แ‹จแŠแˆญแˆ› แˆตแŠ-แˆตแˆญแŠ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แ‰ณแ‹แ‰‹แˆ፡፡

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„แŠ• แˆแˆตแˆจแ‰ณแŠ• แŠ แˆตแˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ถแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒชแ‹ แ‰ แ‹‹แˆฝแŠ•แŒแŠ•แ‹ˆ แ‹ฒแˆฒ แ‰ แˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแŠแˆญแˆ› แˆตแŠ-แˆตแˆญแŠ แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ˜แ‰ตแˆ แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ แˆŠ/แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แˆŒแŠ•แŒฎ แˆˆแ‰ณแŠ“ แˆ/แˆŠ/แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฒแˆ› แŠแŒˆแ‹Ž แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแŠ แ‹แˆญ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แˆŠ/แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แ‹ถ/แˆญ แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ด แˆ™แˆณ แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆฒแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰… แ‹จแˆฒแ‹ณแˆ› แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆŠ/แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แ‰ แ‰€แˆˆ แ‹‹แ‹ฉ แ‰ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ก แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ก แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆ፡፡

แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆฑแŠ• แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆแˆตแˆจแ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ แ‹ญแ‹ แ‰ แˆšแ‹ซแ‰ แˆตแˆจแ‹แŠ“ แŠฅแˆแ‹ต แ‰ แ‹‹แˆฝแŠ•แŒแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹ฒแˆฒ แ‰ แˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰น แ‹จแŠแˆญแˆ› แˆตแŠ-แˆตแˆญแŠ แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต แˆฐแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แˆŠ/แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹ถ/แˆญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆ€แŠ‘ แŠแŒ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แ‹จแˆšแŒ แ‰ แ‰… แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹œแŠ“แ‹แŠ• แŠฅแˆตแŠจแŠ แŒ แŠ“แ‰€แˆญแŠ•แ‰ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰แŠ• แ‹œแŠ“แ‹ แŒจแˆแˆฎ แˆฒแ‹ซแˆตแˆจแ‹ณ แŠจแŠแˆญแˆ›แ‹ แˆตแŠ-แˆตแˆญแŠ แ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แŠ แˆซแ‰ฑแˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆซแ‰ฑแˆ แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แŒ‰แ‰ฃแŠค แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‰ฐแ‰ฝแˆแˆ፡፡

Thursday 27 October 2016

แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แ‰ฅแˆŒแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• แ‰ แ‹ตแŒ‹แˆœ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แŒญ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‰ฐแˆฐแŒฃแ‰ต

แŠจแˆ•แŒ แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ฅ แ‹แŒช แ‰ฐแ‹ญแ‹› แ‰ แˆตแ‰ƒแ‹ญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ แ‹จแˆ†แŠแ‰ฝแ‹ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แ‰ฅแˆŒแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แˆตแˆญ แˆฝแˆ… แ‰ฅแˆญ แ‹‹แˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ท แ‰ฐแˆแ‰…แ‹ถแˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹แŒช แˆ†แŠ“ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญแ‹‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแ‰ตแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆ แˆฒแˆ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฃแˆซ แ‰ฃแ‰กแˆฉ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แ‹แˆณแŠ” แ‰ขแ‹ซแˆณแˆแแˆ፣ แ‹จแแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‹แˆณแŠ” แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ƒแ‹ˆแˆ แŠ แ‰ƒแ‰ค แˆ•แŒ แ‰ฃแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‹ แ‹ญแŒแ‰ฃแŠ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹แˆณแŠ” แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แŒญ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ทแˆ።

แŠ แ‰ƒแ‰ค แˆ•แŒ แˆˆแแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‰ฃแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‹ แ‹จแŠญแˆต แˆ˜แ‰ƒแ‹ˆแˆšแ‹ซ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹จแ‹ แŠฎแˆ›แŠ•แ‹ต แ–แˆตแ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ตแ‰†แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠ แˆ። แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆŒแŠ• แŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒ แ‰ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ แŠ›แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠญแˆต แŠจแˆ…แŒ แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ฅ แ‹แŒช แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠแŠ“ แ‰ฅแˆŒแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹˜แ‰ฝแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰€แŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแŠจแˆจแˆ 25 แ‰€แŠ• 2009 แ‹“.แˆ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŠจแˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹ˆแŒ แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘፣ แ‹จแŠฎแˆ›แŠ•แ‹ต แ–แˆตแ‰ฑ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แŠ แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ตแˆ แˆฒแˆ‰ แ‰ฐแŠจแˆซแŠญแˆจแ‹‹แˆ። แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑแˆ แ‰ แ‹แˆณแŠ”แ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแ‹ญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แˆˆแŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 21 แ‰€แŠ• 2009 แ‹“.แˆ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แŒญ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ทแˆ።

Wednesday 26 October 2016

แ‹จแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแŠซแ‹ญ “แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌ แ‹จแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆ แŠ แˆ‹แ‹แ‰…แˆ” แŠ แˆˆ

แ‹จแ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แ‹จแˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แŒแŠ•แŠ™แŠแ‰ต แŠƒแˆˆแŠ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌ แ‰ตแˆ‹แŠ•แ‰ต แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰€แˆจแ‰ฅ แ‰€แˆญแ‰ทแˆ፡፡ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ตแˆ‹แŠ•แ‰ต แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฆ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแ‹ซ แˆแˆตแŠญแˆฎแ‰นแŠ• แˆ›แˆฐแˆ›แ‰ต แ‹จแŠแ‰ แˆจแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ፣ แ‰ณแˆตแˆฎ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‹ˆแˆ…แŠ’ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆณแ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰ แ‹ แˆ˜แ‰…แˆจแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแŠแŒแˆฏแˆ፡፡ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แˆˆแˆแŠ• แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆแ‰€แˆจแ‰  แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แ‹จแ‰€แˆจแ‰ แˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแ‹ˆแˆ…แŠ’ แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแŠซแ‹ญ፣ แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‰…แˆจแ‰กแŠ•แˆ แˆ†แŠ แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰…แˆจแ‰กแŠ• แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹แ‰ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แŠ แŠญแˆˆแ‹แˆ แ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แ‹ญแŠ‘แˆญ แŠ แ‹ญแŠ‘แˆญแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹แ‰ แˆˆแแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแŠ“แŒแˆจแ‹‹แˆ፡፡

แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆฝ แŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒ แŠ แ‰ถ แˆฝแ‰ฅแˆฉ แ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แ‰ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ˆแˆ…แŠ’ แ‰คแ‰ฑ แŠจแ‹ฐแˆแ‰ แŠ›แ‰ธแ‹ แŒ‹แˆญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒˆแŠ“แŠ™ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆน แˆˆแˆแŠ• แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆแ‰€แˆจแ‰  แ‹ˆแˆ…แŠ’ แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‹จแŒฝแˆแ แˆ›แ‰ฅแˆซแˆชแ‹ซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแˆ˜แŒฃ แ‹จแŒ แ‹จแ‰€แ‹ แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑ፣ แˆˆแˆ…แ‹ณแˆญ 19 แ‰€แŠ• 2009 แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ˆแŒญ แ‰€แŒ แˆฎ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต፣ แ‹ˆแˆ…แŠ’ แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแŠจแˆณแˆนแŠ• แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰ แ‹ แ‰ตแ‹•แ‹›แ‹ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ทแˆ፡፡

แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆšแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹แˆž แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ‹แŒ‹แˆˆ แ‰ แŠแ‰ แˆจแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ตแˆ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆแ‹ แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แŠ แŒ‹แˆ›แˆฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ–แˆŠแˆต แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญ แˆตแˆญ แ‹จแ‹‹แˆˆแ‹ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ•፣ แˆˆแŠญแˆฑ แ‰ แˆ›แˆตแˆจแŒƒแŠแ‰ต แŠจแ‰€แˆจแ‰กแ‰ แ‰ต แŠแŒฅแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŒแˆต แ‰กแŠญ แŒˆแŒน แ‹จแŒปแ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซแ‹Š แŒฝแˆแŽแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ‘ แˆฒแŠแŒˆแˆญ แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ทแˆ፡፡ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แˆ†แŠ• แ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‰ฃแˆตแŠแˆณแ‹ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ฅแ‹™แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŒฅแ‹ญแ‰ต แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแ‹ตแ‰ฆ แ‰ แŒˆแ‹ฐแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰‚แˆŠแŠ•แŒฆ แŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆŒแˆ‹ แˆ›แ‰†แ‹ซ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ฐแ‹ แŠจแŠแ‰ แˆฉแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒ แˆญแŒฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌ แŠแ‹፡፡ แŠ•แ‰ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แ‰ฐแˆณแ‰ตแŽ แŠจแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠฎแŠžแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ แ‹จแˆ†แŠแ‹ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹ฎแŠ“แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แ‹ฌ แ‰ แ‹“แ‰ƒแ‰ค แˆ…แŒ แ‹จแˆฝแ‰ฅแˆญ แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แŠญแˆต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฐแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰ƒแˆ፡


Monday 24 October 2016

แ‰ แ‹จแŠฅแˆˆแ‰ฑ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแˆšแˆแŒธแˆ˜แ‹แŠ• แŒแ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒแ‹™ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แˆฐแˆแŽแ‰ฝ፣ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แˆตแ‰ฅแˆฐแ‰ฃแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ“แ‹ŠแŠแ‰ตแŠ•แŠ“ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒŽแˆˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฑ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ‹แ‹ แŠ แˆˆแˆ แˆ˜แŠซแˆ„แ‹ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰€แŒฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆ።

แ‹ซแˆณแˆˆแแŠแ‹ แ‰…แ‹ณแˆœ แ‰ แŒ€แˆญแˆ˜แŠ•แ‹‹ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‰ฉแˆญแ‹แ‰กแˆญแŒ แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆณแ‰ฐแˆแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แŒŽแ‹ณแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆธแˆแŠ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แˆฐแˆแ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฐ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹จแŠแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰…แ‹ณแˆœ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แˆ™แŠ’แŠญ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆตแˆ‹แˆˆแ‹ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ณแ‹Š แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แŠญแˆญ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แˆตแ‰ฅแˆฐแ‰ฃ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ። แ‰ แˆตแ‹Šแ‰ตแ‹˜แˆญแˆ‹แŠ•แ‹ต แŒ„แŠ”แ‰ซ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ‹ แŠ แ‹แˆฎแ“ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹Šแ‹ซแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆณแ‰ฐแ‰แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹แˆž แˆฐแˆแ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒชแ‹ แˆณแˆแŠ•แ‰ต แˆ›แŠญแˆฐแŠž แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ።

แ‰ แˆŒแˆ‹ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ แ‰ แŠ’แ‹‰แ‹šแˆ‹แŠ•แ‹ต แŠฆแŠญแˆ‹แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹‰แ‹ซแŠ• “แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹‰แ‹ซแŠ• แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠ’แ‹‰แ‹šแˆ‹แŠแ‹ต” แ‰…แ‹ณแˆœ แŠฆแŠญแ‰ถแ‰ แˆญ 22፣ 2016 แ‰ แŠขแˆฌแ‰ป แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แˆฅแŠ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แŠ แŠจแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ˆแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‰ แ‰  แŠ แŒ‹แ‹š แŒฆแˆญ แˆˆแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹‰แ‹ซแŠ• แ‹จแˆปแˆ› แˆ›แ‰ฅแˆซแ‰ต แˆฅแŠ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹˜แŠญแˆจแ‹‹แˆ። 


แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแŠขแˆฌแ‰ป แ‹จแˆปแˆ› แˆ›แ‰ฅแˆซแ‰ต แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆตแˆˆ แŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญแŠ“ แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆตแˆ‹แˆˆแ‹‰ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฝแŒแˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹˜แˆญแŠ• แŠ แˆตแˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ถ แ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแŒฅแ‹แ‰ต แ‹˜แˆ˜แ‰ป แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ”แŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ณแŒˆแˆ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆซแŒแ‰ต แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ• แ‰ แŠฉแˆแˆ แˆ˜แ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ต แˆตแˆˆแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹‰ แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ“ แŠจแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹‰แ‹ซแŠ• แ‹›แˆฌ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆณแˆฐแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแแˆแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹‰ แŠ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‹‰แˆ แˆ˜แˆตแˆซแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‰ฃแ‰ฑแŠ“ แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹˜แŠซแˆญแ‹ซแˆต แ‰ แˆตแŠแˆตแˆญแŠ แ‰ฑ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆฐแ‹ แ‹ซแˆˆ แŒˆแˆˆแƒ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ።

Saturday 22 October 2016

Conference on post-conflict Ethiopia underway in Washington, DC

A two day conference kicked off in Washington, DC on Saturday to deliberate on “transition and constitution making in post-conflict Ethiopia.”Conference on post-conflict Ethiopia underway in Washington, DC

Political scientists, activists, representatives of political organizations and religious institutions as well as prominent Ethiopians would be deliberating and exchanging views on prevention, management and resolution of conflicts in a post-TPLF Ethiopia in a bid to prevent and resolve issues that might lead to instability in Ethiopia.

Welcoming participants, Prof. of economics at Harper College and President of Vision Ethiopia, Getachew Begashaw of Harper College and President of Vision Ethiopia, the organizer of the conference, spoke of the significance of the theme of the conference considering the current state of affairs in Ethiopia.

Also welcoming conference participants, Abebe Gellaw, Executive Director of ESAT, the co-organizer of the conference said the conference came at a time when “change is knocking at the door in Ethiopia.” He said the topic of the conference was of paramount importance as Ethiopians need to work “to clean up the mess that the demise of the TPLF regime would leave behind.”

A number of papers with particular emphasis on transition as well as managing and resolving conflicts in the post TPLF Ethiopia would be deliberated at the conference which is streaming live on ESAT.

Friday 21 October 2016

As Protests Rage in Ethiopia, Zone9 Bloggers Return to Court

As protests rage over land rights and ethnic discrimination, bloggers and independent journalists in Ethiopia appear to be losing ground in their struggle to exercise free expression. Alongside other recent arrests, four members of the Zone9 bloggers collective, who spent 18 months in prison on terrorism-related charges from 2014-2015, returned to court on October 21 following an appeal by the public prosecutor. Their case was adjourned yet again, with a new court date scheduled for November 15.

The Addis Ababa-based blogging collective, six of whom are Global Voices contributors, had worked to foster political debate and discussion in the face of a near-monopoly that the state holds over media outlets.

Charged under Ethiopia’s Anti-Terrorism Proclamation with “inciting public disorder via social media” and “receiving support from a foreign government,” the bloggers appeared in court 38 times from July 2014 to October 2015, only to be adjourned each time at the behest of the prosecution, which sought more time to investigate their case. Some members were released without explanation shortly before Barack Obama’s July 2015 visit to the country. The rest were “acquitted” in October of that year, though they were never invited to testify before a jury. And now, a year later, the four members of the group—Abel Wabela, Atnaf Berahane, Natnael Feleke and Befeqadu Hailu—are returning to court once again.

With the country in an official “state of emergency,” social media sites are intermittently blocked or banned from use and mobile Internet connections are periodically cut, the need for independent media reporting from inside the country feels ever-more vital — and increasingly under threat.

Netizen report (Global voices)

 Zone9 bloggers left to right: Abel Wabela, Zelalem Kiberet, Mahlet Fantahun, Atnaf Berahane, Befeqadu Hailu, Natnael Feleke

Thursday 20 October 2016

Mass incarceration ensues emergency law in Ethiopia

Ethiopian security forces have detained hundreds of people after authorities declared a state of emergency in a nation that saw anti-government protests and crackdowns.

In the country’s Oromo region, where hundreds of youth lost their lives in the hands of regime’s security forces, over a thousand people have been arrested in the last one week alone, a command post setup by the regime to implement the emergency law told the local media on Wednesday.
State run media, quoting the command post, confirmed the detention of 670 people in the central region of Arsi while 110 were arrested in Wollega, west of the country.

Over one thousand people were arrested last week in Sebeta, near the capital Addis Ababa. Authorities suspect the detainees were organizing the youth to defy the emergency law.

In the last two weeks, people in the Oromo region of the country have been protesting the killing of hundreds of festival goers in Debre Zeit/ Bishoftu on October 2, 2016, where a religious ceremony turned deadly as security forces fired shots and threw tear gas canisters, resulting in a massive stampede. At least 700 people, by the estimate of a local political organization, lost their lives.

The protest in the Oromo region which began in November 2015 still continues unabated while in Gondar, Amhara region, a three-day strike concluded on Wednesday. The strike, according to organizers, was aimed at defying the state of emergency and denounce mass killings and human rights violations throughout Ethiopia, including Bishoftu.

Wednesday 19 October 2016

US Demands the Release of Ethiopian High-Profile Female Prisoner Blen Mesfin

The United States has called on the Ethiopian government to release a high-profile female prisoner and to stop its crackdown on peaceful opposition.

On Monday, the US ambassador to the United Nations (UN) Samantha Power called for the release of Blen Mesfin, a female member of the opposition Blue Party, who was arrested last year.
Power also noted that attempts to stifle opposition voices would backfire on the Ethiopian government.

The Ethiopian government declared a state of emergency on October 8 in response to months of widespread anti-government protests. More than 1,000 people have been incarcerated in Ethiopia since the state of emergency came into effect, BBC reports.

Blen Mesfin is reportedly one of Ethiopia’s most high-profile female political prisoners. She was arrested in April 2015 with two other opposition members at a demonstration against the Islamic State in Libya (ISIL). Mesfin was charged with inciting violence during the protests against the terror group, Human Rights Watch reported.

The call for Mesfin’s release comes as several international organizations including the UN and the Europe Union (EU) have called on Ethiopian authorities to exercise restraint in dealing with protesters.

The protest, which began last year in the Oromia region over a government expansion plan, has since spread to other parts of the country. The demonstrations have turned violent with clashes between protesters and security forces.

Ethiopian authorities say the protest has been high jacked by opposition groups working with foreign governments seeking to destabilize the country.

Tuesday 18 October 2016

Seven things banned under Ethiopia's state of emergency

Ethiopia's government has declared a six-month state of emergency in the face of an unprecedented wave of violent protests. Activists in the country's Oromia region has been holding demonstrations since last November, and protesters from the Amhara region have also joined in.

Rights groups say that at least 500 people have died during the protests.  The emergency was announced earlier this month but the government has now made clear what this means in practical terms.

Here are some of the things that are restricted:

1. Social media

You cannot use social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, to contact what are called "outside forces". In fact, any attempt to communicate with "terrorist organisations and anti-peace groups designated as terrorist" is banned. Ethiopians who post statuses on Facebook about the country’s growing political unrest could face up to five years in jail.

2. Broadcast media

You cannot watch the TV channels Esat and OMN, which are both based outside the country. The government has described them as "belonging to terrorist organizations".
These broadcasters have become some of the major sources for people wanting to know more about the protests.

3. Protests

You cannot organize a demonstration at your school or university, neither can you be involved in a political campaign that is "likely to cause disturbances, violence, hatred and distrust among the people".
University campuses were among the first places to be hit by the wave of anti-government protests.

4. Gestures

You cannot make a political gesture, such as crossing your arms above your head, or communicate a political message to the public "without permission".
The crossing-arms gesture has been seen widely at the protests in Oromia, and even made it to the Olympics when marathon runner Feyisa Lilesa used it as he crossed the line in second place in Rio in August.

5.Curfew

You cannot visit a factory, farm or governmental institution between 6pm and 6am the next day. If you violate the curfew then "law enforcement bodies have been authorised to take the necessary action".

6. Diplomats

If you are a diplomat you are not allowed to travel more than 40km (25 miles) from the capital, Addis Ababa, without permission.

7. Guns

If you have a gun, you cannot take it within 25km of the country's main roads out of Addis Ababa, and within 50km of the country's borders, even if you have a permit to carry it.

แ‰ แŒŽแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แˆˆแˆแˆˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‰€แŠ• แ‰€แŒฅแˆŽแŠ แˆ

แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒนแ‰ต  แˆฑแ‰†แ‰ฝ፣ แˆ†แ‰ดแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แˆฐแŒช แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ›แ‰ต แˆˆแˆแˆˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‰€แŠ• แ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‹แˆˆแ‹‹แˆ። แŠจแ‰ตแŠ“แŠ•แ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ แˆˆแŒ แˆ แ‹จแŒˆแ‹ขแ‹ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŠซแ‹ตแˆฌแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠแŒ‹แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠจแแ‰ฑ แˆฒแ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‹ตแ‹ฑ แ‹แˆˆแ‹‹แˆ። แ‹จแŒˆแ‹ขแ‹ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แ‹ฐแŒ‹แŠ แŠแŒ‹แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แˆฉ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠซแˆแŠจแˆแ‰ฑ แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ตแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแŠแŒแˆฎแŠ แ‰ธแ‹ แˆˆแ‹ญแˆตแˆ™แˆ‹ แŠจแŠจแˆแ‰ฑแ‰ต แ‰ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆญ แ‰ แŠ แ‰ฅแ‹›แŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠญแแˆ แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ›แ‹ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆณแŠซ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‰ฐแŠซแˆ‚แ‹ทแˆ።

“ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠญแˆแŠญแˆ แŠแ‹” แ‹จแˆšแˆ แŠ แ‹แŠ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŠจแ‹ˆแŒฃ แ‰ แˆแ‹‹แˆ‹፣ แŠ แ‹‹แŒแŠ• แŠจแˆแŠ•แˆ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ˜แ‰แŒฅแˆญ แ‰ แŠญแˆแˆ‰ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แˆฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แŠจแ‰ฃแˆ…แˆญแ‹ณแˆญ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แ‰€แŒฅแˆŽ แ‹จแŒŽแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆฉ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แˆˆแˆแˆˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฐ  แŠแ‹። แ‹จแŠ แˆแŠ‘ แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆ˜แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆ…แˆญแ‹ณแˆญ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‰ แ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ซแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฐแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ› แ‰ แˆ˜แ‹ฐแŒˆแ แŠ แŒ‹แˆญแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แŠ แ‹แŠ™แŠ• แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ƒแ‹ˆแˆ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ฃแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแŠ“แŒแˆจแ‹‹แˆ።

แˆฐแŠž แŠฅแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆ›แ‰†แˆ แŠ แ‹ตแˆ›แ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ตแˆŽ  แ‹จแŠ•แŒแ‹ต แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŒ‰แˆแ‰ แ‰ต แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแŠจแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แˆ™แŠจแˆซ แ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‹ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠฎแˆฑแ‰ต แŒฅแ‹ญแ‰ต แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠ แˆ…แ‹ซ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แ‰ตแ‰ณแˆˆแ‰ฝ። แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แŠแŒ‹แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝแˆ แ‰ฐแ‹ญแ‹˜แ‹ แ‰ณแˆตแˆจแ‹‹แˆ። แ‰ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ›แ‹‹ แ‹ฒแˆฝ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹แˆจแ‹ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆฑ แŠซแ‹ตแˆฌแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹ตแŠ•แŒ‹แ‹ญ แˆ˜แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แˆ แ‰ณแ‹แ‰‹แˆ።

แ‰ แ‰ฃแˆ…แˆญแ‹ณแˆญแˆ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ก แ‹ฒแˆฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ˆแˆญแ‹ต แ‰ แ‰€แ‰ แˆŒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆฐแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ แˆšแˆŠแˆปแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆฐแˆณ  แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰ แŠแ‹፡፡

แŠขแˆณแ‰ต

Monday 17 October 2016

แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต7 แˆ˜แˆช แ•/แˆญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ‘ แŠแŒ‹ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ

แŠจแˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ฐ

" แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แ‹จแแ‰ตแˆ…แŠ“ แ‹จแŠแƒแŠแ‰ต แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠ แ‰…แˆ แˆแˆ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ฅแˆจแ‹แŠ“ แŠแƒแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆซแ‰ แ‹แŠ•แŠ“ แ‹จแŒ แˆ›แ‹แŠ• แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠจแŒŽแŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แˆฐแˆแˆแ‹፤ แŒŠแ‹œแ‹แŠ“ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแˆแ‰…แ‹ฐแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แ‹‹แŒญแŠ“ แ‰ฐแˆˆแˆ›แŒญ แ‹จแ‰ตแŒแˆ แˆตแˆแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แ‰€แˆ™ แ‹ญแˆ… แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แ‰ แแŒนแˆ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆ†แŠ•แŠ“ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆณแŠซ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠแ‹። แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ต แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆแŒธแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆชแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“ แŠ แˆตแˆแŒปแˆšแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆฑแ‰ต แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ፤ แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ต แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แŒซแŠ•แ‰ƒ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰€แŒฅแ‰ณแˆ แˆ†แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹˜แ‹‹แ‹‹แˆช แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ แˆญแŠ“ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆณแŠซ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹จแˆšแˆžแŠญแˆฉ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‹˜แˆซแŠ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แ‰ฐแˆณแˆตแˆจแ‹ แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ต แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆฉ แˆ›แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แˆ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แˆแˆ‰ แŠจแŠ แˆแŠ• แŒ€แˆแˆฎ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แ‰ตแŒแˆ‰ แ‰€แŠ•แ‹ฐแŠ› แ‹’แˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŒแˆแŒฝ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŽ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆต แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ። แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‹Š แ‰ตแŒแˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแˆณแ‰ฐแ‰ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ฝแˆ แˆ†แŠ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แ‹˜แˆซแŠ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒแ‹™ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆจแ‹ฑแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŠ แŠจแˆธแแŠแ‹ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แŠ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแ‰ต แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แŠแ‹። แ‹ญแˆ… แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แ‰ฐแˆณแŠซ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แˆแ‰ฐแ‹ˆแˆฐแŠ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰ แ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‰€แˆ˜แ‰… แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆŠแŠ–แˆญ แ‰ฐแˆแˆจแ‹ฐแ‰ แ‰ต แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แŠแ‹። แˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แŠแ‹ แŠ แˆแŠ• แ‹จแŒˆแ‰ฃแŠ•แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ตแŒแˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒจแˆจแˆปแ‹ แ‹จแˆžแ‰ต แˆฝแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ตแŒแˆ แŠแ‹ แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆˆแ‹።"

"แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแˆ˜แŒจแˆจแˆป แ‹จแแˆแˆšแ‹ซ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แŒฅแ‰‚แ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆแŠ“แˆแ แŠฅแŠ•แ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆˆแŠ•። แˆˆแŠแƒแŠแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆตแŠ•แˆ แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แ‰ฅแŠ•แˆฐแŒฅ แˆแŒฃแˆชแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แˆแˆณแˆ‰ แˆฒแˆแŒฅแˆจแŠ• แ‹จแˆฐแŒ แŠ•แŠ• แ‹จแˆฐแ‹แŠแ‰ต แˆ›แŠ•แŠแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‰ แˆแŠ“แ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‰ตแŒแˆ แŠแ‹แŠ“ แ‹จแˆแŠ“แˆแˆแ‹፤ แ‹จแˆแŒฃแˆชแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ต แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆแŒธแˆ แ‹จแŒˆแ‰ แˆญแŠแ‹ แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠแ‹แŠ“ แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆตแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆแŠ•แŒ แŒฃแ‹ แŒฝแ‹‹แ‰ฝแŠ• แŠแ‹። แ‹ญแˆแ‰…แˆต แˆแŒฃแˆชแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆแŠ•แŒแ‹œแ‹แˆ แ‹ญแ‰…แˆญ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแˆˆแŠ• แŠจแˆŒแˆ‹แ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆณ แˆˆแ‹ญแ‰ถ แ‹จแˆฐแŒ แŠ•แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‰ แŠแƒแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ณแŒ€แ‰  แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แˆแŒ…แŠแ‰ต፤ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆณ แˆˆแˆšแ‰ แˆ‹แŠ“ แˆˆแˆšแŒ แŒฃ แ‰แˆณแ‹Š แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แˆธแŒ แŠ•፤ แˆฐแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ•แŠ• แ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆณแ‹Š แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ต แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แ‰€แ‹ญแˆจแŠ• แŠฅแŠ› แ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ฐแ‰€แ‰ฅแˆˆแŠ• แŠจแˆซแˆณแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แˆแŽ แ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆแŒ†แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆˆแแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แŠแ‹። แ‹จแ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ตแ‹แˆแ‹ต แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแ‹แ‹ซแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆญแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แŠ‘แˆฎ แŠจแŠ› แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแˆแแŠ“ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆแŒ†แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒ‹แ‰ฃ แˆ›แˆตแ‰†แˆ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แ‹จแŒฃแˆˆแ‰ฅแŠ•แŠ“ แ‰ แŠฅแˆญแŒแŒ แŠ›แŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆแŒฝแˆ˜แ‹ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แŠจแ‰ถแ‹แŠ•แˆ แŠ แˆแŒ แˆซแŒ แˆญแˆ።"

Saturday 15 October 2016

Ethiopian regime releases details of state of emergency

One week after declaring a six-month state of emergency, Ethiopian authorities released details of the law on Saturday prohibiting exchange of electronic messages and banning public gatherings and demonstrations among others.

The state run media outlets on Saturday published details of the law as presented by the head of the command post secretariat in charge of the state of emergency and minister of defense, Siraj Fergessa.
The emergency law prohibits the exchange of messages and information via the internet, cell phones, social media, television and radio.

Publishing and distributing documents, holding demonstrations, showing protest gestures, importing and exporting published materials were also prohibited by the law.

The law specifically mentioned two independent media outlets abroad and banned the public from watching and listening to television and radio programming by the Ethiopian Satellite Radio and Television (ESAT) and Oromo Media Network. The law gives power to security forces to monitor and block messages transmitted via television, radio and movie theatres.

According to the law, strikes by workers as well as businesses and closing government offices in protest are illegal. The law says protests by students in universities, colleges and higher institutions of learning are also outlawed. The law gives power to security forces to take any action they deemed necessary against students who stage protest rallies.

The emergency law stipulates that diplomats cannot travel beyond 40 kms radius outside the capital without prior authorization and permission from the command post. Members of the police and security forces cannot take leave of absence or resign in the duration of the state of emergency.

A curfew is in effect from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. local time in areas where there are economic infrastructures, factories, agricultural projects and other investments. The law also authorizes security forces to take whatever measure necessary against people who violate the curfew.

Areas 50 k.m. inside the the country’s border are designated as red zones. The carrying of firearms are banned in the red zone. Other restrictions imposed in the rest of the country are also applicable in the red zone. Carrying firearms within 25 meters of highways connecting the capital Addis Ababa to major towns and destinations are also forbidden.

Security forces are given permission to search and arrest anyone and confiscate possessions without a court warrant, according to the law. The emergency law also give security forces the power to take any action to defend themselves from any threat or attack.

The Ethiopian regime last Sunday declared a state of emergency after a wave of anti-government protests flared up again following the massacre early this month of hundreds of festival goers in Bishoftu, 45 kilometers outside the capital, at a religious festival of the Oromos.

Local political parties estimate close to 700 people were killed in a stampede as security forces shot tear gas to disperse protesters. Witnesses also say security forces shot and killed several people, who used the occasion to express grievances against the tyrannical government.

A year long protest in the Oromo region, which was joined this summer by the people in the Amhara region has left hundreds dead as security forces use lethal force to disperse demonstrators, who demanded an end to a dictatorial rule.

Wednesday 12 October 2016

UN outraged at mass killings, abuses in Ethiopia

The United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and of association says it was outraged at reports of mass killings and abuses in Ethiopia. 

“We are outraged at the alarming allegations of mass killings, thousands of injuries, tens of thousands of arrests and hundreds of enforced disappearances,” said the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai, the Working Group on enforced or involuntary disappearances and Agnes Callamard, on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.

In its latest press release, the UN Special Rapporteurs called the crackdown a “systematic violence against protesters” and called on the Ethiopian regime to allow an international commission of inquiry to investigate the protests and the violence used against peaceful demonstrators.

“Curtailing assembly and association rights is never the answer when there are disagreements in a society; rather, it is a sign of the State’s inability to deal with such disagreements,” Mr Kiai said. “Suffocating dissent only makes things worse, and is likely to lead to further social and political unrest.”

“We are also extremely concerned by numerous reports that those arrested had faced torture and ill-treatment in military detention centres,” the rapporteurs said.

UN human rights experts renewed their calls for an end to the deadly crackdown against peaceful protesters and for an independent investigation into the killings in Ethiopia by the ruthless regime.
The rapporteurs believed the crackdown on protesters in Ethiopia was a deliberate effort to wipe out any kind of opposition to the regime. “The scale of this violence and the shocking number of deaths make it clear that this is a calculated campaign to eliminate opposition movements and silence dissenting voices,” Kiai added. The experts reiterated the urgent need to investigate and hold accountable those responsible for the violence.

A group of UN experts made a similar call in January 2016, which went unheeded, according to the group.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights late last week renewed a request to the Ethiopian government seeking access to the country to conduct an independent assessment of continuing protests.


(UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai)

MEPs denounce worsening human rights situation in Ethiopia

Press release

Deteriorating human rights situation in Ethiopia, killings of Oromos and the country-wide six-month state of emergency declared on Sunday 9 October by the Ethiopian government were amongst the main issues raised by Human Rights subcommittee and Development committee Members in a joint meeting on Wednesday morning.

MEPs expressed their concerns as regards the worsening human rights situation in Ethiopia during a debate with various experts and representatives from the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Commission, and the Ethiopian Embassy. They are worried by continuous public arrests, waves of violence and by the country-wide six-month state of emergency declared by the Ethiopian authorities on Sunday 9 October after months of anti-government protests.

MEPs were critical against the EU policy vis-ร -vis Ethiopia arguing it is "falling a long way behind its own standards regarding human rights". "Maintain the dialogue with Ethiopia" is the priority said representatives of the EEAS adding that the good governance and human rights dialogue will be the first to be activated. See more at...

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20161012IPR46851/meps-denounce-worsening-human-rights-situation-in-ethiopia

Tuesday 11 October 2016

แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ฐแŠ‘ แˆ˜แ‰ณแˆฐแˆญ แŒ€แˆ˜แˆฉ

แŠ แˆแŠ• แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแŠ• แ‹œแŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚แŠแˆญ แ‹ญแˆแ‰ƒแˆ แŒŒแ‰ตแŠแ‰ต  ፣ แ‰ฅแˆŒแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• ፣แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹‹แˆด ፣แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆธแ‰ต แˆžแˆ‹ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝแˆ แˆตแˆ แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ซแˆแ‰ฐแŒ แ‰…แ‰€แˆฑ แŠ แ‰ฃแˆŽแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แ‰ณแˆฐแˆซแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆแŠ•แŒฎแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ–แˆŠแˆต แŠฎแˆšแˆฝแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแˆชแ‹ซแ‰คแ‰ต แŠจแˆถแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ› แ–แˆŠแˆต แŒฃแ‰ขแ‹ซ แ‰…แˆญแŠ•แŒซแ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ ። แˆตแˆ›แ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒ แ‰€แˆต แ‹ซแˆแˆแˆˆแŒ‰ แ‹จแ–แˆŠแˆต แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹œแŒŽแŒ… แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แˆตแ‰ƒแˆด แ‰ แˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰ แŒแˆˆแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ ፣แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ตแŠ• แŠจแˆƒแŒˆแˆญแ‰คแ‰ต แˆ†แŠ– แ‰ แŒแˆตแ‰กแŠญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แŒˆแŠ“แŠ› แ‰ฅแ‹™แˆƒแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแŠฎแŠ•แŠ‘ แŒฝแˆแŽแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒก แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แ‹ตแŠ– แˆˆแˆ›แˆฐแˆญ แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแ‹ณแ‰ค แŠจแŠญแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆตแˆแŒฃแŠ“แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆ‹แŠจ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ซแŠ•แŠ• แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠจ72 แˆฐแŠ แ‰ณแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแŠจ 315 แˆฐแŠ แ‰ณแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแˆฐแŒฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แ‹‹แˆ ።
yiliqal
แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹จแŠฅแ‹ซแŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ฑแŠ• แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซแˆแˆ แˆ†แŠ แ‹จแˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹œแŒŽแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆฉแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแˆชแ‹ซแ‰คแ‰ตแˆ แˆ†แŠ ፣แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠ แŒฃแˆญแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‰ขแŒจแˆญแˆฑแˆ ፣แŠฅแŠแˆฑแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แˆแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆฑแ‰ต แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ตแŒแˆซแ‹ญ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแˆ‹แŒ… แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹จแ–แˆŠแˆต แŠฎแˆšแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ณแˆ›แŠ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แˆฐแˆซแ‹Šแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แˆฒแŠก แŠ แ‰ตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ።
แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แ‹›แˆฌแ‹ แŠฅแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแŒ€แˆญแˆ˜แŠ— แ‰ปแŠ•แˆตแˆˆแˆญ แŠ แŠ•แŒŒแˆ‹ แˆแˆซแŠญแˆ แ‰ แˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒ‰แ‰ฅแŠแ‰ต แŠฅแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ… แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแŠ แˆแ‰ฃแŒˆแŠแŠ•แ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆแˆแŠญแ‰ต แŠแ‹ แˆฒแˆ‰ ፣แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ–แˆŠแˆต แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ ። แ‰ แˆƒแŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แ‰ฅแ‰ธแŠ› แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แ‰ตแŒแˆ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแ‹ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‹จแˆ˜แ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‹šแˆแˆ แ‰ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แˆƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆžแˆ‹แ‹ แ‹ญแˆ„แ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแˆ›แ‹ซแ‹Š แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŒฅแ‰ƒแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‹แˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŒˆแ‹ฅแ‹ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แ‹ฑแˆ‹ แˆฒแˆฐแŠแ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰†แ‹จ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ“แˆญแ‰ฒ แŠแ‹ แˆฒแˆ‰แˆ แŠ แŠญแˆˆแ‹ แŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ แ–แˆŠแˆต แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ።
แˆ›แˆˆแ‹ณ แ‰ณแ‹ญแˆแˆต

แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŒฝแŒŒแŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แˆชแ•แˆชแ‰ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŠ˜แ‹ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แŒˆแˆˆแŒธ

(แŠขแˆณแ‰ต) แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŒฝแŒŒแŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แ‰ แŠฅแˆตแˆญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠฅแˆตแˆจแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แŠแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ตแŒ‹ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŠจแ‰ฐแ‰ฐ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠ แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แˆฐแŠž แŠ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰€።

แˆ˜แ‰€แˆ˜แŒซแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฅแˆชแ‰ณแŠ’แ‹ซ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แˆชแ•แˆชแ‰ญ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แ‹จแˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ณแ‹Š แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠญแ‰ฐแ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŒฝแŒŒ แ‹จแˆšแˆแ‰ฑแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแˆ˜แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ“ แ‹ญแ‹แ‹Š แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅ แŠ แˆตแ‰งแˆ። แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒŽ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‹แˆš แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แŠซแˆ‹แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ˆแ‹ฐแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แˆˆแˆ›แŒ แŠ“แŠจแˆญ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆ˜ แŠแ‹ แˆฒแˆ‰ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ฑ แˆƒแˆ‹แŠ แˆ›แ‹ซ แŽแ‹“ (FOA) แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹‹แˆ።

แ‹œแŒ‹แ‹แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแˆณแˆˆแˆฐ แŠ แ‰‹แˆ แ‹ญแ‹Ÿแˆ แ‹จแˆšแˆ แ‰ตแ‰ฝแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆชแ‰ณแŠ’แ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซแ‹Š แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆจแŒ‹แŒ‹แ‰ต แŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠญแ‰ฐแ‰ต แ‹œแŒ‹แ‹แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆˆแ‰€แ‰… แŠ แ‹แŒฃแŠ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แŠ• แˆ›แ‰…แˆจแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ แˆƒแˆ‹แŠแ‹‹ แŠ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹แ‰€แ‹‹แˆ።
แ‹จแŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ…แŒŒ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹ญแŠธแ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ต แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆแ‹ แ‹ˆแˆญ แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ณแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แŒปแŠแ‹ซ แŠฅแˆตแŠญแˆญแ‰ขแ‰ถแŠ“ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŒˆแ‹ณ แˆ˜แŒฃแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠ แ‹แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ።


แ‰ แ‹šแˆ…แˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠแˆณ แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแˆ…แŒ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แˆˆแˆ›แ‰…แˆจแ‰ฅ แ‹ซแˆแ‰ปแˆ‰ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•፣ แŠจแ‹ˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆชแ‰ณแŠ’แ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ แŠฉแˆ แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแˆ…แŒ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™ แˆตแˆแˆแŠแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‹ตแˆจแˆณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆณแˆ። แˆแˆˆแ‰ฑ แˆƒแŒˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ฃแˆแˆแ‹ แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต แˆฐแŠ” แ‹ˆแˆญ แ‰ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แ‹™แˆชแ‹ซ แˆตแˆแˆแŠแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ขแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰แˆ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŒฝแŒŒ แ‹ญแŒแ‰ฃแŠ แˆˆแˆ›แ‰…แˆจแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ›แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แˆˆแ‰ฅแˆชแ‰ณแŠ’แ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แˆ›แˆณแ‹ˆแ‰แŠ• แˆชแ•แˆชแ‰ญ แˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ปแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‹‹แ‰ข แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แˆฐแŠž แ‰ฃแ‹ˆแŒฃแ‹ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ แ‹ญแ‹ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ“แˆ።


แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แŠ แˆณแˆตแ‰ฆแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ แ‹จแŒˆแˆˆแŒธแ‹ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆŸแŒ‹แ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆชแ‰ณแŠ’แ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฝแŒแˆฉ แŠ แˆณแˆณแ‰ขแŠแ‰ต แŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠ แ‹แŒฃแŠ แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ต แŠ แŠญแˆŽ แŒ แ‹ญแ‰‹แˆ።


Monday 10 October 2016

TPLF regime declares state of emergency in Ethiopia

The TPLF-led government, shaken by widespread protests, declared Sunday a six-month long state of emergency.

The titular Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address to the nation that the state of emergence was needed to repulse what he called “the danger posed by anti-peace elements and foreign enemies on the peace, security and stability of the nation.”

The state of emergency was declared by the minorty regime after months of anti-government protests, especially in the Oromo and Amhara regions of the country where security forces killed hundreds of peaceful protesters and tens of thousands detained.

Protests were reignited this week after the death of hundreds of festival goers when  Oromos celebrated Ireecha, an annual thanksgiving and a festival to welcome spring. Security forces were accused of causing the mayhem by shooting into the massive crowd and throwing gas canisters.

The actions taken by security forces triggered a stampede which reportedly caused the death of nearly 700 people. Witnesses and video evidences also show security forces shooting at party goers who also used the occasion to express their grievances against the regime.

The minority regime has been widely accused of committing gross human rights violations since it came to power in 1991.

Sunday 9 October 2016

Independent Inquiry Needed on Irreecha (HRW)

Scores of People Killed at Festival

The Ethiopian government should allow an independent, international investigation to determine how scores of people were killed at the country’s Irreecha festival on October 2, 2016, Human Rights Watch said in a question-and-answer document about the issue.

Unprecedented, large-scale anti-government protests have been sweeping through Oromia, Ethiopia’s largest region, since November 2015, and the Amhara region since July 2016. On October 2, in Bishoftu, a town 40 kilometers southeast of the capital, Addis Ababa, tensions ignited at the annual Irreecha festival – an important cultural event that draws millions of people each year. Security forces confronted huge crowds with tear gas and fired shots, inducing panic. Scores died during a stampede of people fleeing security forces.

Ethiopian security forces have killed more than 500 people during protests over the course of the last year. These protests have occurred in a context of the near-total closure of political space. Nongovernmental groups and the independent media face harassment, surveillance, and criminal charges.

Ethiopians should be able to criticize their government without fear of arrest, Human Rights Watch said. Security forces should exercise restraint and be held accountable for abuses.

“The world should be carefully watching what is happening in Ethiopia,” said Felix Horne, senior Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch. “As more and more people are killed in protests this year, the government should urgently change course to prevent more bloodshed.”

Friday 7 October 2016

UN rights commission press briefing on Ethiopia

Spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: Rupert Colville

(Geneva) — There has been increasing unrest in several towns in the Oromia region, south east of Addis Ababa, since last Sunday when many people died after falling into ditches or into the Arsede lake while apparently fleeing security forces following a protest at a religious festival in the town of Bishoftu. The protests have apparently been fuelled in part by a lack of trust in the authorities’ account of events as well as wildly differing information about the death toll and the conduct of security forces. We call on the protestors to exercise restraint and to renounce the use of violence. 

Security forces must conduct themselves in line with international human rights laws and standards. There is clearly a need for an independent investigation into what exactly transpired last Sunday, and to ensure accountability for this and several other incidents since last November involving protests that have ended violently.

Instead of cutting off access to mobile data services in parts of the country, including in Addis Ababa, we urge the Government to take concrete measures to address the increasing tensions, in particular by allowing independent observers to access the Oromia and Amhara regions to speak to all sides and assess the facts. In August this year, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights requested access to the regions to enable the Office to provide assistance in line with Ethiopia’s human rights obligations. We again appeal to the Government to grant us access.

We are also concerned that two bloggers, Seyoum Teshoume and Natnael Feleke, the latter from the blogging collective Zone 9, were arrested this week. Feleke and a friend of his were reportedly arrested for loudly discussing the responsibility of the Government for the deaths at last Sunday’s Irrecha festival in Oromia. There have also been worrying reports of mass arrests in the Oromia and Amhara regions. We urge the Government to release those detained for exercising their rights to free expression and opinion. Silencing criticism will only deepen tensions.


Tuesday 4 October 2016

แ‹จแŠฅแˆฌแ‰ป แŠญแ‰ฅแˆจ แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แ‰ฐแˆฃแ‰ณแŠแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แแŒ…แ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ต แŠจแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ (แŠฆแ‹ฒแŒ) แŠฅแŠ“ แŠจแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7 แˆˆแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŒ  แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ

แ‹จแˆƒแ‹ซ-แŠ แˆแˆตแ‰ต แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แ‰แˆ แˆตแ‰…แˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆฃแ‹ซแ‰ฝแˆแŠ“ แŠจแˆ˜แˆžแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแˆ˜แŠ–แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ แ‹จแˆฐแ‰€แ‰€แŠ• แŠ‘แˆฎ แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแŒˆแ‰ แ‹‰แ‹ต แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แˆ†แ‹ญ፡-

แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ (แŠฆแ‹ฒแŒ) แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7 แˆˆแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แŠจแ‰กแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ แˆซแŒจแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠฅแˆแ‰‚แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแˆแ… แŠฅแŒ…แŒ แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แ‹˜แŒแŠ“แŠ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ แ‹œแŠ“ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆแŠแ‹‰ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแˆˆแ… แ‰ แˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ธแŒแˆญ แ‹จแˆƒแ‹˜แŠ•แŠ“ แ‹จแŒญแŠ•แ‰€แ‰ต แˆตแˆœแ‰ต แŠแ‹‰፡፡

แ‹จแ‹แˆบแˆตแ‰ฑ แ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แŠ แŒ‹แ‹š แˆ แˆซแ‹Šแ‰ต แ‰ แŠฆแˆฎแˆšแ‹ซ แŠญแˆแˆ แ‰กแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹‰ แˆ†แˆจ แŠ แˆญแˆฐแ‹ฒ แ‹จแŠฅแˆฌแ‰ปแŠ• แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แˆˆแˆ›แŠญแ‰ แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ แˆฐแ‰ก แ‰ แˆšแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ–แ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆฉ แ‹œแŒŽแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ฐแ‹‰ แŒญแŠซแŠ” แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆ‹แ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅแŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ตแˆซแˆˆแˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ตแŠแ‰ต แˆฅแˆแŒฃแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ  แŠ แŠซแˆ แ‹•แ‹‰แ‰…แŠ“แŠ“ แ‰ตแ‹•แ‹›แ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแ€แˆ˜ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹จแ‹šแˆ…แŠ• แ‹˜แˆจแŠ› แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆฐแ‹‰ แˆ›แˆฐแ‰ฅ แˆ˜แ‰ปแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ•แŒ แˆซแŒ แˆญ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŽแŠ“แˆ፡፡

แ‹จแŠฅแˆฌแ‰ป แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆˆแ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‰ต แ‰ณแŒแˆŽแŠ“ แ‰ฐแŠ•แŠจแ‰ฃแŠญแ‰ฆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ แ‰ แ‰… แŠซแ‰†แ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ›แŠ•แŠแ‰ฑ แˆ˜แŒˆแˆˆแŒซ แŠจแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠฅแˆดแ‰ถแ‰น แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰ƒแˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ“แŠ› แ‰ฅแ‹™แˆƒแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแŒˆแˆˆแ€แ‹‰ แ‰ แŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ณแ‹ญแ‰ถแŠ“ แ‰ฐแˆฐแˆแ‰ถแˆ แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰… แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‰ฃแˆ…แˆ‹แ‹Š แŠฅแˆแŠแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹‰แŠ• แ‰ แˆšแ‹ซแŠจแ‰ฅแˆฉแ‰ แ‰ต แˆฅแแˆซ แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แ‹œแŒŽแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŒ‹แ‹š แŠแแˆฐ แŒˆแ‹ณแ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ แ‰ฐแŠแ‹ตแ‰ฐแ‹‰แŠ“ แ‰ แŒฅแ‹ญแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ฐแŒจแแŒญแˆแ‹‰ แŠ แˆแ‰€แ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แˆ˜แ‰ถแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆฉ แ‹จแ‰ แ‹“แˆ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฃแ‰ณแŠแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ แŠฅแˆตแŠจแˆšแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ…แ‰ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฑแ‰ แ‰ต แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰แŠ• แŠจแˆฅแแˆซแ‹‰ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆˆแ‰แˆแŠ• แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‰ฝแˆˆแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แ‹ตแˆญแŒŠแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แŠ แˆฃแ‹›แŠแŠ“ แŠฅแŒ…แŒ แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แ‹˜แŒแŠ“แŠ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแ‹‰ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹จแŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ… แ‹œแŒŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆ แ‰ แˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แˆจแˆ˜แŠ”แ‹ซแ‹Š แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แˆฅแˆญ แ‰ณแแŠแŠ• แˆ˜แˆ›แ‰€แ‰… แ‰ แ‰ƒแŠ• แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‰ แแแˆ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แ‰ แˆ†แŠ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‰แˆŸแ‰ธแ‹‰แŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแˆˆแ… แˆ˜แˆžแŠจแˆซแ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แŠฅแ‹‰แŠแ‰ณ แŠแ‹‰፡፡

แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแŒญแŠซแŠ” แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต/แŠขแˆ…แŠ แ‹ดแŒ แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แˆˆแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹‰ แŠ•แ‰€แ‰ตแŠ“ แŒฅแˆ‹แ‰ป แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แŠ• แŠ แˆˆแ‰ฅแŠแŠแ‰ต แแ‰ตแˆƒแ‹Š แŒฅแ‹จแ‰„ แ‰ฃแŠแˆฑ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แˆแˆ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒ€แ‹‰แŠ• แŒฆแˆญแŠแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ แˆญ แˆ˜แˆธแŒ‹แŒˆแˆฉแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆฃแ‹ญ แŠแ‹‰፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠแˆ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‰ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Šแ‹‰ แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แˆˆแˆ›แˆ˜แŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ธแŒแˆญ แŒแ‹ตแ‹ซ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แˆ›แ‹‰แŒˆแ‹ แ‰ แ‰‚ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆแˆ†แŠ แ‹ญแˆฐแˆ›แŠ“แˆ፡፡ แˆˆแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆฐแ‹‰ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แŒฅแ‹แ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‰ธแŠ› แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚แ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต/แŠขแˆ…แŠ แ‹ดแŒ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰น แŠจแ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚แŠแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ›แ‹ซแˆ˜แˆแŒก แˆแŠ“แˆฐแˆแˆญแ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ˆแ‹ณแˆˆแŠ•፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹“แ‹ญแŠแ‰ต แ‹˜แŒแŠ“แŠ แŠฅแˆแ‰‚แ‰ต แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‰€แˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‰ปแˆˆแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต/แŠขแˆ…แŠ แ‹ดแŒแŠ• แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แ‰ แˆ›แˆตแ‹ˆแŒˆแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แŠ แ‹ซแŒ แ‹ซแ‹ญแ‰…แˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แŠ แŒˆแ‹›แ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‹ˆแŒˆแ‹ต แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‰แˆžแ‹‰ แŒŽแˆซ แ‹ซแˆˆแŠ• แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆ†แŠแŠ• แˆˆแŠแƒแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‰ตแŒแˆ แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แˆ›แ‹แ‹แˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽแˆ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แŠ แˆ›แˆซแŒญ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ†แŠแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แŒˆแŠ˜แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ…แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŠซแˆ„แ‹ฐ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‰ตแŒแˆ แŠจแŒแ‰ฅ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ฅแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆจแŒˆแ‹ต แŠฆแ‹ฒแŒ แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7 แˆˆแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แ‰ แŒ‹แˆซ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แˆตแ‰ƒแˆดแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŒ€แˆแˆจแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ… แŠ แˆแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‹‰ แ‹•แˆแ‰‚แ‰ต แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹จแŒ€แˆ˜แˆญแŠแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแŒ‹แˆซ แ‰ตแŒแˆ แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แŠ แŒ แŠ“แŠญแˆจแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแˆ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแŠ• แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“แˆจแŒ‹แŒแŒฃแˆˆแŠ•፡፡
แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ แˆซแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ†แ‹ญ፡-

แ‹จแŠ แˆแŠ‘ แˆ˜แˆตแ‹‹แ‹•แ‰ตแŠแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆ แ‰ แˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แˆซแ‹‰แŠ• แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แŒ€ แˆ˜แˆแŠฉ แ‰ณแŒแˆˆแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒฃแˆ แ‹จแŒ€แˆ˜แˆญแŠแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแŒ‹แˆซ แ‰ตแŒแˆ แ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆฐแŠ แ‹จแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‹จแŠแƒแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‹จแ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแŠ“ แ‹จแแ‰ตแˆ… แ‰ณแŒˆแ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แˆ…แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แˆธแŒ‹แŒˆแˆญ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแŠ•แ‰ แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰กแ‹ตแŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แˆตแ‹ˆแŒˆแ‹ต แŠแƒแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแŠ“ แแ‰ตแˆ… แ‹จแˆฐแˆแŠแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‰ แŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹•แ‹‰แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฐแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ•แˆ แˆซ แ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‹ตแ‹ฐแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠแˆ แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‰ แŠ แŠซแˆ แ‹จแŠจแˆแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠฅแ‹จแŠจแˆแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆ แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆตแ‹‹แ‹•แ‰ตแŠแ‰ต แแˆฌแ‹ซแˆ› แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‰†แˆญแŒ แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ…แˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆฅแˆญแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แ‹จแŒแ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŠแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒˆแˆแ‰ต แ‰€แˆ›แˆฝ แˆˆแˆ†แŠ“แ‰ฝแˆแ‰ต แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ“ แ‰ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅแˆ แˆ†แŠ แŠจแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แŒญ แˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแŠแƒแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‹จแ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแŠ“ แ‹จแแ‰ตแˆ… แ‰ณแŒ‹แ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแŠจแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แŒฅแˆช แˆตแŠ“แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅ แˆแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆแŠ‘ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แˆจแˆ˜แŠ”แ‹ซแ‹Š แ‹ตแˆญแŒŠแ‰ต แŠจแˆแŠ• แŒŠแ‹œแ‹‰แˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹จ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ•แŠ“ แ‰ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ฑ แ‰แŠ•แŒฎแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ˆแŒ€แ‰ฅแŠ•แŠ• แŒแˆแ… แŒฆแˆญแŠแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆ›แŠ•แˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐแ‹‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แ‰ฐแˆจแ‹ตแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแ‹จแ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆแ‰ณแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆ˜แŠ• แŠแ‹‰፡፡

1. แˆˆแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆ™แˆ‰፡-

แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต/แŠขแˆ…แŠ แ‹ดแŒ แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แˆˆแ‰แ‰ต แˆƒแ‹ซ-แŠ แˆแˆตแ‰ต แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แŠ แŠ•แ‰ฐแŠ• แŠจแˆฐแ‹‰แŠแ‰ต แ‹‰แŒญ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒˆแ‹‰ แˆˆแŠ แˆตแŠจแŠ แ‰ฝแŒแˆญ፣ แˆˆแˆฐแ‰†แ‰ƒ፣ แˆˆแˆตแ‹ฐแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆแŠ“แ‰€แˆ แ‹ณแˆญแŒˆแ‹‰แˆ… แŠฅแŠแˆญแˆฑ แŒแŠ• แ‹ซแŠ•แ‰ฐแŠ‘ แŠ แŠ•แŒกแˆซ แˆƒแ‰ฅแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹จ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‰ แˆ˜แ‹แˆจแ แ‰…แŠ•แŒฆแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆ‹แ‰ แ‰ต แŠ‘แˆฎ แˆ˜แŠ–แˆญ แŠ แˆแ‰ แ‰ƒ แ‰ฅแˆแ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‹›แˆฌ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒแ‰ฅแˆ…แŠ• แŒฆแˆญแŠแ‰ต แ‰ แŒแˆแ… แˆ˜แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ แˆญ แŒ€แˆแˆจแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰แ‰ต 11 แ‹ˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‰ แˆบแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆฉ แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠฆแˆฎแˆšแ‹ซ፣ แ‰ แŠ แˆ›แˆซ፣ แ‰ แŠฎแŠ•แˆถ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠญแˆแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆแŠ•แˆ แŒฅแ‹แ‰ต แ‰ แŒแ แˆ˜แŒˆแ‹ฐแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆณแˆ፡፡ แ‰ 10 แˆบแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆฉ แ‹‰แ‹ต แˆแŒ†แ‰ฝแˆ…แŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แŠญแˆแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‹แ‰ฅแˆชแŠซ แŠ แˆตแ‹แแ‰ฐแ‹‰ แ‰ แŠจแˆแ‰ทแ‰ธแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ›แˆฐแ‰ƒแ‹ซ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แŠ แŒ‰แˆจแ‹‰ แ‰ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แŠจแˆแŠ“แ‹‰แ‰€แ‹‰ แ‰ แŠ“แ‹š แˆ›แŒŽแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แŠจแŠแ‰ แˆจแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ›แˆฐแ‰ƒแ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‰ แŠจแ‹ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠจแˆ›แˆฐแ‰ƒแ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠ แˆแˆแ‹‰ แŠฅแˆฅแˆญ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠฅแˆณแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แŒ‹แ‹จแ‰ต แˆฐแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แŠญแ‰กแˆญ แแŒกแˆญ แŠ แ‰ƒแŒฅแˆˆแ‹‰ แˆฒแŒˆแ‹ตแˆ‰ แ‰ณแ‹แ‰ แŠ“แˆ፡፡ แŠฅแŠแˆญแˆฑ แ‰ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒฆแˆญแŠแ‰ต แˆ›แ‹ˆแŒƒแ‰ธแ‹‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆ แˆ†แŠ– แŠ แŠ•แ‰ฐ แ‹ซแŠแˆฃแˆ…แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแŠ แˆแŒˆแ‹›แˆ แ‰ฃแ‹ญแŠแ‰ต แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‰แˆž แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แ‰ แ‰ตแŒแˆซแ‹ญ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ซแŠแŒฃแŒ แˆญแŠจแ‹‰ แ‰ แˆ›แˆตแˆ˜แˆฐแˆ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ-แˆˆแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แแŒ…แ‰ต แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแŠแˆฃแ‰ต แ‹จแ‹‰แˆธแ‰ต แ•แˆฎแ“แŒ‹แŠ•แ‹ณ แ‰ แˆฐแŠแ‹‰ แŠแ‹แ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆ፡፡ แˆ˜แˆตแŠจแˆจแˆ 22 แ‰€แŠ• 2009 แ‰กแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹‰ แˆ†แˆจ แŠ แˆญแˆฐแ‹ฒ แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‹Šแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแŠฅแˆฌแ‰ป แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แˆˆแˆ›แŠญแ‰ แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ แˆฐแ‰ แ‹‰ แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆแ€แˆ™แ‰ต แ‹จแŒแ แŒญแแŒจแ‹ แ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒแ‰ฅแˆ…แŠ• แŒฆแˆญแŠแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆธแŒ‹แŒˆแˆฉแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹‰แŠ• แ‰ แŒˆแˆƒแ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆฃแ‹ญ แŠแ‹‰፡፡ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต/แŠขแˆ…แŠ แ‹ดแŒ แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แ‹จแ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ฑแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แŠ•แ‰ฐ แ‰ แˆแ‰ -แˆ™แˆ‰แŠแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แˆแŒˆแ‹˜แˆ แ‰ฃแ‹ญแŠแ‰ต แ‰ตแŒแˆแˆ…แŠ• แŠ แŒ แŠ“แŠญแˆจแˆ… แˆ˜แ‰€แŒ แˆ แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹ แŠ แˆฐแ‰†แˆญแŒงแ‰ธแ‹‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ แŠ แ‹ซแŒ แˆซแŒฅแˆญแˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแ‰กแˆพแแ‰ฑ แŒญแแŒจแ‹ แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แŠจแ‰ณแˆˆแˆ แŠฅแŠแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹ แ‹จแ‰†แˆจแŒก แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แˆ˜แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆฃแˆฃแ‹ญ แŒญแแŒจแ‹แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆŒแˆ‹แ‹‰แˆ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแ‹ฐแŒแˆ™แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ“ แŠ แŠ•แ‰ฐแŠ• แ€แŒฅ แˆˆแŒฅ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŽ แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแ‹›แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹‰แŠ• แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒ แŠ แŒ แŠ“แŠญแˆจแ‹‰ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแ‰€แŒฅแˆ‰แ‰ แ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแˆ፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠแˆ แ‹จแŠฅแŠ” แŠแ‹‰ แ‰ฅแˆˆแˆ… แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแ‰€แ‰ แˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠแƒแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‰ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ፣ แ‰ แแ‰ตแˆ… แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŠฅแŠฉแˆแŠแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแŠญแ‰ณแ‰‹แ‰แˆ แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แ‹จแŒ€แˆ˜แˆญแŠจแ‹‰แŠ• แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‰แˆž แ‰ตแŒแˆ แˆˆแŠ แแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แˆณแ‰ณแ‰‹แˆญแŒฅ แŠฅแˆญแˆต แ‰ แŠฅแˆญแˆตแˆ… แ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ฅแˆจแˆ…แŠ“ แ‰ฐแˆจแ‹ณแ‹ตแ‰ฐแˆ… แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แŠ แŒ แŠ“แŠญแˆจแˆ… แ‰€แŒฅแˆ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆแŠ• แŒฅแˆช แˆตแŠ“แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅแˆแˆ… แˆแŠ•แŒŠแ‹œแˆ แŠจแŒŽแŠ•แˆ… แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ“แ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅแŠ• แŠแ‹‰፡፡

2. แ‰ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅแˆ แˆ†แŠ แŠจแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แŒญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆ†แŠ“แ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแ‹‹แˆš แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆ™แˆ‰፡-

แŠจแˆ˜แ‰ผแ‹‰แˆ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹›แˆฌ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠฅแŠ›แŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆจ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆแŠ“ แ‹ซแˆˆแˆแŠ•แˆ แ‰…แ‹ตแˆ˜-แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠ แ‰ฅแˆจแŠ• แˆ˜แ‰†แˆ แŠจแˆšแˆแˆแŒ‰แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ˆแˆณแŠ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆญแˆฐแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠแˆ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแŠ• แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠแƒแŠแ‰ต፣ แ‹จแ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ፣ แ‹จแŠฅแŠฉแˆแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแแ‰ตแˆ… แŒฅแˆ›แ‰ต แŠจแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠ แˆ˜แˆˆแŠซแŠจแ‰ต แˆแ‹ฉแŠแ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰ แˆแŒ แŠ• แˆ›แ‹จแ‰ต แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ฅแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ฝแ‰ แ‰ต แˆแŠ”แ‰ณแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแ€แˆ™ แ‹ซแˆ‰แ‰ต แ‹จแŒแ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŠแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแˆแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠซแˆ‹แŒˆแŠ˜แŠ•แˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‰ณแŒˆแˆแˆˆแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ• แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆˆแ‹‰ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แˆ…แˆแ‹‰แŠ“แˆ แˆ†แŠ แŠจแ‹ˆแ‹ซแŠ” แŠแƒ แŠฅแŠ“แ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ณแˆˆแŠ• แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹จแŒ‹แˆซ แŠ แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แˆ˜แ‰€แŒ แˆ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แˆŠแŒˆแ‰ก แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ฅแŠ“แˆ፡፡ แ‹ญแˆ… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆ†แŠ• แŒฅแ‰ƒแ‰…แŠ• แˆแ‹ฉแŠแ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŒŽแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแ‹‰ แˆˆแ‰ตแˆแ‰ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆญแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แ‰…แ‹ตแˆšแ‹ซ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹จแ‹จแ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แ‹ตแˆญแˆป แˆ˜แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแˆฐแŒ แ‹‰ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แˆแŠ“แˆฐแˆแˆญแ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ˆแ‹ณแˆˆแŠ•፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆซแŒ…แ‰ฐแŠ• แ‹จแˆแŠ•แŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆต แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ฝ แˆแˆ‰ แˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แ‹จแŠจแˆˆแˆˆแˆแŠ•แŠ• “แ‰ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ›แ‹Š แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆฑ” แŠฅแŠ“ “แŠจแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹‰แŒญ แ‹ซแˆ‰” แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ “แˆ…แŒ‹แ‹Š แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ซแˆแˆ†แŠ‘” แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแˆ•แ‹ˆแˆแ‰ต แŠจแ‹แ‹แ‹ญ แˆดแˆซ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŒŽแŠ• แ‰ตแ‰ฐแŠ• แ‰ฐแ‰€แˆซแˆญแ‰ แŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แˆแ‰ณแŠ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แˆ›แˆˆแ แ‹จแˆ›แŠ•แ‰ฝแˆ แŠจแˆ†แŠ แ‰ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แŠแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚ แŠจแˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แŠ•แ‹ตแŠ• แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แˆˆแŠ แแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แˆ˜แ‹˜แŠ•แŒ‹แ‰ต แ‹จแˆˆแ‰ฅแŠ•แˆ፡፡ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠแˆ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แˆแˆต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‹ฐแ‰€ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹‰ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแˆแŠ•แˆ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹‰แŠ•แŠ“ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแ‹จแŒ แ‹จแ‰€ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹‰แŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ›แŠจแˆˆ แ‹จแ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซ แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆญ แˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆˆแŠ•แŠ• แˆฐแŠ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹‰ แ‰ตแ‰ฅแ‰ฅแˆญ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆ˜แˆฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแŒ€แˆ˜แˆญแŠแ‹‰แŠ• แŒ‰แ‹ž แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ“แ‹แŒฅแŠ•แŠ“ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‹จแŒ‹แˆซ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แˆตแ‰ƒแˆด แ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ•แŒˆแ‰ฃ แˆแ‰ฃแ‹Š แŒฅแˆชแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แ‰ แ‹ตแŒ‹แˆš แŠฅแŠ“แ‰€แˆญแ‰ฅแˆ‹แ‰ฝแŠ‹แˆˆแŠ•፡፡
แแ‰ตแˆ…แŠ“ แŠแƒแŠแ‰ต แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ!!

แ‹จแŠฆแˆฎแˆž แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ (แŠฆแ‹ฒแŒ) แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ แŠžแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ต 7 แˆˆแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹ฒแˆžแŠญแˆซแˆฒ แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„
แˆ˜แˆตแŠจแˆจแˆ 2009 แ‹“. แˆ.

Monday 3 October 2016

OLF Press Release on Irreecha Massacre

Irrecha Massacre of 2016 by TPLF Regime is a day of Infamy for Oromo people

The TPLF has committed genocide against Oromo people by murdering in a broad day light peaceful people who gathered at Bishoftu to Celebrate Irrecha, the Oromo National Thanks Giving Festival celebration on October 2, 2016. The TPLF attacked peaceful people on the ground and from the air by killing hundreds and wounding thousands. At Irrecha, Oromo from all corners of Oromiya dressing their cultural clothes and caring olive branch as sign of peace and prosperity get together to celebrate their national holiday.

The TPLF fascist regime which intoxicated with the blood of innocent Oromo people for the last 25 years, particularly for the last 11 months has ordered its army on the ground and the Helicopter from the air to attack peaceful innocent people who gathered at Hora Arsadi, Bishoftu for national Irrecha Celebration.

The Oromo Liberation Front strongly condemns this callous massacre by the TPLF Regime , and resolute that the TPLF regime will be accountable for the genocide it has committed against Oromo people who came together from all corners of Oromiya to Celebrate and thank their Almighty at Hora Arsadi , Bishoftu, Oromiya.

The murderous regime of TPLF should know that it will not control oromiya and its resources by killing its people. The glorious Oromo people will hunt the TPLF Regime down to make sure that they will pay for all crimes they have committed against Oromo people in particular and Ethiopian peoples in general.

We call upon all Oromo and other political organizations to be united to dismantle The TPLF callous & fascist regime. There remains no moral or legal justification to demand the respect of people’s rights from the regime that used machine guns on the ground and on the air against peace full people. All Ethiopian people should use all means necessary to dismantle the genocidal and murderous TPLF regime and its collaborators.

The OLF will do everything to make sure the TPLF will not get away with all crimes it has been committing against peoples in Ethiopia, and especially the mass murder it has committed against Oromo people at Irrecha National Thanks giving Holiday on October 2, 2016.

Victory to the Oromo People
Oromo Liberation Front
October 2, 2016